Thoracic and vascular surgeons specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disease of the heart, lungs, chest, esophagus and major blood vessels. Thyroid surgery is where part or all of this thyroid gland/s are removed through a cut along the ''necklace'' line of the neck.The thyroid gland regulates the use of energy in the body and is located in the neck. The thyroid is a single gland with right and left sides.